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Urine Analysis:- Part 2 -Urine Microscopic Examination and Interpretations
What urine sample is needed for analysis?
- Freshly voided urine is the best sample.
- If delayed, then refrigerate the urine.
- The best volume for the centrifuge is 10 to 12 mL.
What factors will interfere with the urine analysis?
- Certain foods will color the urine, like:
- Carrots will change their urine color to dark yellow.
- Beets may cause red color urine.
- Rhubarb will change its color to red or brown.
- Asparagus produces a typical urine odor.
- If you keep urine on the table, bacteria will change its pH, making it alkaline because of urea-splitting bacteria, and ammonia will be produced.
What is the effect of the food on the urine pH?
- Eating citrus fruits, dairy products, and vegetables makes urine alkaline.
- A high protein diet and some foods (cranberries) make urine acidic.
- A high protein, a fat diet without the intake of carbohydrates also causes ketonuria.
- When radiopaque contrast media is given to the patient will give false-positive urine protein for at least 3 days.
- Females may
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